Duality picture between antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity in t− J model at two dimensions

We show in this paper an interesting relation between elementary and topological excitations in the antiferromagnetic and d-wave superconducting phases of the t−J model at two dimensions. The topological spin and charge excitations in one phase have the same dynamics as elementary excitations in the other phase, except the appearance of energy gaps. Moreover, the transition from one phase to another can be described as a quantum disordering transition associated with the topological excitations. Based on the above picture, a plausible phase diagram of t− J model is constructed. 74.20.Mn,74.72.-h,75.10.Jm Typeset using REVTEX 1